Archive for June, 2008

What works in fundraising: Carrier envelopes III

Wednesday, June 25th, 2008

Mike Heatley of Colortree posted a response to the first of the Carrier envelopes trilogy asking about the effectiveness of using full-color graphics on envelopes, like photographic images or artists’ renderings.

I can’t answer that out of my own experience with client testing, because I haven’t seen it tested. The conventional wisdom — and my mailbox — indicate that color photos can work great for environmental and wildlife groups. I donate to the African Wildlife Foundation and know they acquire with full-color photos on the carrier. Just yesterday I received three calendars (including AWF), all in bright color envelopes and all, I believe, controls used for both appeals and acquisition.

I can’t fight the image right now, but all US readers would recognize the baby black crowned night heron, squawking on the Nature Conservancy acquisition mailing that was a control for, oh, a decade at least, and may still deploy effectively.

Apart from that category, I don’t see much full color, or even all that much that requires printing and converting envelopes. Generally, for most nonprofits, looking personal and not risking appearing lavish (spending donor money) is a safe bet. But that could be excessive caution, too. I see paper stock tests, expensive enough. But not any bold enough to risk ROI on color. Quantity can affect pricing and ROI, too, of course.

And even IN the wildlife category I heard a report on a test at a recent convention where an institutional / personal looking appeal beat a longstanding full-color front-and-back grabber from an ocean organization.

I’d have to fall back on: “Test Test Test!”

What works: Carrier envelopes II

Tuesday, June 24th, 2008

John Lepp of The Naked Idea blog posted a response to my comments on carriers, asking about envelope size. His informal survey of fundraising mail demonstrated that #10s are no longer the norm and, in fact, a minority of the envelopes rec’d by his mother in law, a good donor in Canada, were that standard.

John’s survey is supported by lots of testing by US organizations over the last decade have driven them to larger or, in any case, different sizes.

In my mailbox, the #11 is “the new #10″. One client tested into #10s for all recruitment and appeal mailings about eight years ago. And I suspect that many who are sticking to #10s just haven’t been testing.

The two real problems with #11 (and #12 etc.) arise out of standard paper sizes and window dies. Your 8 1/2″ x 11″ letter/reply format has some play in a large envelope, so you must use a fairly wide window to pass the tap test. (After inserting elements, tap the envelope on all sides to make sure the addressing still fully shows through the window.)

So fine, use a wide window. Test this! It’s working for many.

The alternative, of course, is (more…)

What works: Carrier envelopes

Saturday, June 21st, 2008

Overall, there are two kinds of envelopes:

(1) Those that attempt to look like personal correspondence. In the extreme, these are closed-face, with a handwritten or simulated typewritten addressing, formal corner card, and live stamp.  NO TEASER.  A handwritten signature over the corner card logo is sometimes an effective touch.

(2) Those that are clearly solicitations. Window shows addressing.  Teaser copy. Photos or line art. Indicia.

Whichever you’re using, stick to that convention. Closed-face match mail is the most personal but it’s very expensive. When you add a teaser, you create a personal / solicitation hybrid that eliminates the value of the closed-face / match mail expense.

Generally, personal mail outpulls solicitation mail, but not always enough to offset the cost of the personal look.

An envelope that is highly personal in all respects EXCEPT having a window envelope can pull nearly as well as closed-face. An otherwise personal window envelope with a very small institutional teaser–like “Pls reply within 24 hours” can work very well, and I’ve seen this hold as control for several organizations.

What’s left? Consider … (more…)

Considering letter openings …

Wednesday, June 18th, 2008

How to start. You send an appeal monthly or more often. You want to be timely, yet not risk having your message overtaken by events. You want to be urgent but not hysterical. You want to engage and move people to action. A few ideas:

A few posts back I discussed Jerry Huntsinger’s classic …

…letter opening. Half a thought followed by a leader that buys readership in what follows. Never a bad idea.

Another evergreen is opening with a “Thank you!”. Never a mistake. Your donors like and deserve to be thanked. But the “thank you” letter opening should be used with an overline (message above the salutation) the establishes the appeal story, so your letter isn’t mistaken for a thank you note. And the thank you opening should quickly segue to the ask.

Too often I see letters that START OFF WITH TOO MUCH URGENCY! Better to first engage with a brief reminder of your shared values and mission. Again, a thank you is a good way to ease into this. First engage with the mission, then the need.

Occasionally I get appeals that seem written by the board, suppressing readership with an institutional message. Keep the board in the boardroom.

A tough balance: telling a story vs. getting to the point. Environmental groups sometimes tend to the long story that seems to meander too long before (more…)

Attn USA fundraisers: “Best of Best” Int’l

Wednesday, June 11th, 2008

The Showcase of Fundraising Innovation and Inspiration aims to provide nonprofits with an archive of great fundraising creative approaches and appeal ideas. Visit that link, register, and you’ll have free access to their “Top 20 Best of the Best” ideas, which are excerpted below. Each campaign citing has a link to a site that shows images of the appeal elements with full explanation of the approach.
These are almost all nonUSA programs, though some orgs have Stateside sections. A sampling:

Greenpeace — the reinvention of face-to-face fundraising
The full story of how Greenpeace broke the mould to transform its fundraising fortunes and present the world with a new way of recruiting monthly electronic donors in huge numbers.

UNICEF’s first ever Christmas card, 1946
The product that launched fundraising in UNICEF more than six decades ago. Times have changed and international fundraising organisations such as UNICEF have learned much as they’ve grown and developed and have raised $millions to help people in need. Most fundraisers sell cards of one kind or another. UNICEF was one of the first to do it on a global scale.

Feed the Children’s baby box for Bosnia
Even in the midst of a tragic civil war it is possible to find the right circumstances to develop an imaginative and involving monthly giving product. Many organisations have copied this or been inspired by it to try monthly giving.

The ActionAid insert with built-in reply envelope and coupon
Before this appeared in the early 1980s, loose inserts were the poor relation of the fundraiser’s repertoire. The arrival of new technology led to a new format that not only gave donors much more information than most press ads, it also carried a ready-made reply envelope. So a new fundraising format was born.

The Amnesty International newspaper ads, 1980s
This series of seven whole page press advertisements changed the political landscape of Britain. Find out how, now. And while doing that, perhaps ask yourself how the urgency and rightness of your cause could stir the conscience of a nation.

Dr Barnardo’s four historic exhibits from the 1880s and 1930s
Pre- Second World War segment testing plus data collection, member-get member initiatives and brilliant direct mail from when Jack the Ripper was around. Sadly few modern direct mail appeals are this personal or anywhere near so passionate and sincere. Enthusiasts for good fundraising are advised to study some of these early fundraising initiatives, for they show how you might improve your own.

Greenpeace legacy beer mat
Smile at the audacity behind this amusing approach but then ask yourself, did it work? Would we not all be a bit more successful at raising money via legacies if we took a leaf or two out of Greenpeace’s book? This exhibit has encouraged dozens of organisations to believe that they can find an appropriate way to talk to their supporters about the difficult subject of legacies, or bequests.

Botton Village giving donors choices
This simple experiment, which became progressively more sophisticated, is one of the most important initiatives in donor relationship development in all of the history of fundraising.

Dog’s Trust sponsor a dog scheme
Show these ads, mail packs and TV spots to, even, a roomful of fundraisers and invariably it’ll be greeted by cries of “Awwww!” — a sure sign of a winner. Itself a copy from the child sponsorship agencies, this campaign shows that if you have the right proposition it can be presented as an irresistable monthy giving campaign.

UNICEF’s Change for Good campaign
See how UNICEF raises $millions each year from a simple idea, with many of the world’s leading airlines as its partners. Copied the world over, most international airlines now have a similar scheme.

Ryton Gardens recyclable mailing
This pack raised more than 10 times its target but more importantly, people loved it, wrote in to praise it and even reused it in their own gardens. The recyclable mailing had become a reality.

Amnesty International’s pen pack
This launched 1,000 copycat packs. But it’s worth studying for other reasons too. Without doubt, this pack embodies the standard all direct mail copywriters should aspire to.

What works: Type & layout tips

Thursday, June 5th, 2008

I have only a dogeared 1996 edition, but you can easily buy the 2006 edition of “Type & Layout: Are You Communicating or Just Making Pretty Shapes” by Colin Wheildon. A few tips I rely on:

–  Headlines set in all-capital letters are up to 37% less readable than lower-case ones.
– Black headlines are understood by nearly four times as many readers as headlines set in color.
– Slightly condensed headline type — between 70% and 90% of natural width — is easiest to read.
– Headlines that end with a period probably reduce readership. (I’d expand this to say “a period is a signal for the reader to stop” … something we don’t want to happen. Periods should never be used in headlines, subheads, nor carrier teasers.)
– Body copy set in serif type is more than five times likelier to be comprehended than copy set in a sans-serif face. (Another study lodged in my memory says that people it takes people 20% longer to read sans serif copy than serif fonts, which I project to a 20% loss in readership.)
– Black text will be understood by seven times as many readers as text set in color.
– Boldface text will cut reader comprehension by more than 50%.
– White text on any background color will lose practically all readers. It’s okay to use for short headings and very short copy, though.
– Black text on a gray background attracts readers, but their comprehension suffers if the background strength is >10%.
– Text Measure strongly affects readability. Wheildon’s research showed that 38% of readers found text set at more than 60 characters to the line hard to read. And 87% had trouble with lines of less than 20 characters.
– Subheads, especially in long copy blocks, were found useful by 78% of the readers Wheildon studied.
– Optimum type sizes according to Wheildon’s research are in the range of 10 to 12 point. About 75% of people found those sizes easiest to read.
– Color increases the cost of an advertisement by 20% or so, but 63% more people notice the ad.
– Photographs were recalled more clearly than illustrations by more than half the people Wheildon studied.